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Abstract The assessment of the comparative effect of biosal (phytopesticide), deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroids) were made against two fodder pests, Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi by filter paper impregnation method. The activity of total protein contents, GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase) were affected in Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda cyhalothrin. The activity of total protein contents in H. modestus was 31.053%, 4.607%, and 24.575%, against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of total protein contents was observed as 24.202%, 15.25%, and 56.036% against deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and biosal, respectively in H. ocimumi. The activity of GOT was observed as 98.675% for biosal 33.95% for deltamethrin and 83.619% for lambda-cyhalothrin in H. modestus. The GOT activity was estimated in H. ocimumi as 78.831%, 47.645%, and 71.287% against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The efficacy of GPT enzyme against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin was calculated as 89.26%, 73.07%, and 47.58%, respectively in H. modestus. The H. ocimumi showed GPT activity as 77.58% for biosal, 68.84% for deltamethrin, and 52.67% for lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.
Resumo A avaliação do efeito comparativo do biosal (fitopesticida), deltametrina e lambda-cialotrina (piretróides) foi feita contra duas pragas forrageiras, Hermolaus modestus e Hermolaus ocimumi, pelo método de impregnação com papel de filtro. A atividade do conteúdo de proteína total, GPT (transaminase glutâmico-pirúvica) e GOT (oxaloacetato transaminase glutâmico) foram afetados em Hermolaus modestus e Hermolaus ocimumi contra biosal, deltametrina e lambda cialotrina. A atividade do conteúdo de proteína total em H. modestus foi 31.053%, 4.607% e 24.575%, contra biosal, deltametrina e lambda-cialotrina, respectivamente. A atividade do conteúdo de proteína total foi observada como 24.202%, 15.25% e 56,036% contra deltametrina, lambda-cialotrina e biosal, respectivamente em H. ocimumi. A atividade do GOT foi observada em 98.675% para o biosal, 33,95% para a deltametrina e 83.619% para a lambda-cialotrina em H. modestus. A atividade do GOT foi estimada em H. ocimumi como 78.831%, 47.645% e 71.287% contra biosal, deltametrina e lambda-cialotrina, respectivamente. A eficácia da enzima GPT contra biosal, deltametrina e lambda-cialotrina foi calculada como 89.26%, 73.07% e 47.58%, respectivamente em H. modestus. A H. ocimumi apresentou atividade GPT de 77.58% para biosal, 68.84% para deltametrina e 52.67% para lambda-cialotrina, respectivamente.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The assessment of the comparative effect of biosal (phytopesticide), deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroids) were made against two fodder pests, Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi by filter paper impregnation method. The activity of total protein contents, GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase) were affected in Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda cyhalothrin. The activity of total protein contents in H. modestus was 31.053%, 4.607%, and 24.575%, against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of total protein contents was observed as 24.202%, 15.25%, and 56.036% against deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and biosal, respectively in H. ocimumi. The activity of GOT was observed as 98.675% for biosal 33.95% for deltamethrin and 83.619% for lambda-cyhalothrin in H. modestus. The GOT activity was estimated in H. ocimumi as 78.831%, 47.645%, and 71.287% against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The efficacy of GPT enzyme against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin was calculated as 89.26%, 73.07%, and 47.58%, respectively in H. modestus. The H. ocimumi showed GPT activity as 77.58% for biosal, 68.84% for deltamethrin, and 52.67% for lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.
Resumo A avaliação do efeito comparativo do biosal (fitopesticida), deltametrina e lambda-cialotrina (piretróides) foi feita contra duas pragas forrageiras, Hermolaus modestus e Hermolaus ocimumi, pelo método de impregnação com papel de filtro. A atividade do conteúdo de proteína total, GPT (transaminase glutâmico-pirúvica) e GOT (oxaloacetato transaminase glutâmico) foram afetados em Hermolaus modestus e Hermolaus ocimumi contra biosal, deltametrina e lambda cialotrina. A atividade do conteúdo de proteína total em H. modestus foi 31.053%, 4.607% e 24.575%, contra biosal, deltametrina e lambda-cialotrina, respectivamente. A atividade do conteúdo de proteína total foi observada como 24.202%, 15.25% e 56,036% contra deltametrina, lambda-cialotrina e biosal, respectivamente em H. ocimumi. A atividade do GOT foi observada em 98.675% para o biosal, 33,95% para a deltametrina e 83.619% para a lambda-cialotrina em H. modestus. A atividade do GOT foi estimada em H. ocimumi como 78.831%, 47.645% e 71.287% contra biosal, deltametrina e lambda-cialotrina, respectivamente. A eficácia da enzima GPT contra biosal, deltametrina e lambda-cialotrina foi calculada como 89.26%, 73.07% e 47.58%, respectivamente em H. modestus. A H. ocimumi apresentou atividade GPT de 77.58% para biosal, 68.84% para deltametrina e 52.67% para lambda-cialotrina, respectivamente.
Subject(s)
Animals , Pyrethrins , Insecticides , Heteroptera , Alanine Transaminase , Animal Feed , NitrilesABSTRACT
Introducción: la alanina aminotransferasa es un nexo importante en el metabolismo de aminoácidos y carbohidratos, asimismo es un marcador de inflamación hepática. Estudios previos mostraron la relación entre la diabetes mellitus y esta enzima bajo diferentes contextos clínicos. Objetivo: evaluar la correlación entre glucosa basal y alanina aminotransferasa tanto en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 como sin ella. Metodología: estudio observacional, analítico y transversal realizado desde enero de 2021 a junio de 2022 con una población de 566 pacientes dividida en grupos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (n 224) y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (n 342). Fueron incluidos los pacientes de edad igual o mayor a 18 años con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se excluyó a pacientes con patologías múltiples y/o con diagnóstico de diabetes inferior a 6 meses. Se realizó el análisis inferencial con la prueba de correlación de Spearman y la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Los datos fueron procesados con el software SPSS statistics 25™. Resultados: la correlación entre glucosa y alanina aminotransferasa en sujetos sin diabetes fue 0,212 (p=0,003) y la correlación entre glucosa y alanina aminotransferasa en aquellos con diabetes fue -0,434 (p=0,015). Conclusiones: la alanina aminotransferasa se relaciona con mayor intensidad en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que en aquellos sin diabetes. La correlación moderada y negativa en sujetos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 indicaría alteraciones en la interacción entre la alanina aminotransferasa y la glucosa en los que la hiperglucemia sostenida tendría un papel relevante, probablemente por un incremento en la actividad de transaminación.
Introduction: Alanine aminotransferase is an important nexus in the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates, and is also a marker of liver inflammation. Previous studies showed the relationship between diabetes mellitus and this enzyme under different clinical contexts. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between basal glucose and alanine aminotransferase both in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 with a population of 566 patients divided into groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n 224) and without it (n 342). Patients aged 18 years or older with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Patients with multiple pathologies and/or diagnosed with diabetes less than 6 months were excluded. Inferential analysis was performed with Spearman's correlation test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. The data was processed with the SPSS statistics 25™ software. Results: The correlation between glucose and alanine aminotransferase in subjects without diabetes was 0.212 (p=0.003) and the correlation between glucose and alanine aminotransferase in those with diabetes was -0.434 (p=0.015). Conclusions: Alanine aminotransferase is associated with greater intensity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes. The moderate and negative correlation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus would indicate alterations in the interaction between alanine aminotransferase and glucose in which sustained hyperglycemia would play a relevant role, probably due to an increase in transamination activity.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of peginterferon alfa-2a (Peg-IFNα-2a) combined with entecavir in sequential treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Methods:A total of 106 patients with chronic hepatitis B who received treatment in Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2020 to February 2022 were included in this study. They were divided into a control group (entecavir treatment, n = 53) and a study group (sequential therapy with Peg-IFNα-2a followed by entecavir, n = 53). Liver function indicators, liver fibrosis indicators, clinical treatment efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results:After treatment, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase in the control and study groups were (94.79 ± 8.71) μmol/L and (67.67 ± 9.19) μmol/L, (256.93 ± 44.07) U/L and (186.56 ± 48.37) U/L, (256.47 ± 43.73) U/L and (200.69 ± 41.34) U/L, and they were (140.05 ± 26.15) μmol/L and (141.32 ± 25.35) μmol/L, (433.66 ± 77.16) U/L and (429.77 ± 73.73) U/L, (352.34 ± 65.19) U/L and (354.05 ± 66.13) U/L before the treatment. After treatment, these indexes in each group were decreased compared with before treatment ( t = 19.19, -12.13, -28.85, -20.96, -19.27, -12.03, all P < 0.05). After treatment, these indexes in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = -6.49, -7.30, -6.74, all P < 0.001). After treatment, the levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, type III procollagen peptide, and type IV collagen in the control and study groups were (124.91 ± 22.99) μg/L and (101.29 ± 22.67) μg/L, (132.71 ± 25.37) μg/L and (110.56 ± 25.49) μg/L, (116.93 ± 20.29) μg/L and (93.14 ± 20.39) μg/L, (63.14 ± 12.19) μg/L and (50.81 ± 11.63) μg/L, and they were (175.73 ± 48.56) μg/L and (177.61 ± 48.51) μg/L, (163.43 ± 41.52) μg/L and (165.57 ± 41.59) μg/L, (139.71 ± 31.75) μg/L and (141.72 ± 31.78) μg/L, (106.97 ± 32.24) μg/L and (104.02 ± 34.12) μg/L before treatment. After treatment, the levels of these indexes in each group were significantly decreased compared with before treatment ( t = -13.04, -8.68, -10.43, -5.82, -13.35, -6.26, -13.02, -10.72, all P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of these indexes in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = -5.32, -4.48, -6.02, -5.32, all P < 0.001). The total response rate in the study group was 88.68% (47/53), which was significantly higher than 62.26% (33/53) in the control group ( χ2 = 9.98, P < 0.05). The HBsAg conversion rate in the study group was 33.96% (18/53), which was significantly higher than 1.32% (6/53) in the control group ( χ2 = 7.75, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the study and control groups [26.42% (14/53) vs. 30.19% (16/53), χ2 = 0.81, P > 0.05]. Conclusion:Sequential therapy with Peg-IFNα-2a followed by entecavir can effectively improve liver function,reduce liver fibrosis , improve clinical treatment efficacy, and will not increase adverse reactions.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of drug-induced liver injury and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver injury.Methods:The clinical data of 202 patients with complete information on drug-induced liver injury who received treatment in First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from November 2018 to November 2021 were collected. The information including gender, age, type and name of drugs taken or exposed, clinical characteristics, autoantibodies, and liver function was statistically analyzed.Results:Among the 202 patients with drug-induced liver injury, 77 patients (38.1%) were male and 125 patients (61.9%) were female. Age distribution was mainly at > 40-60 years. There were 141 cases (69.8%) of hepatocellular type, 27 cases (13.4%) of cholestatic type, and 34 cases (16.8%) of mixed type. There were statistically significant differences in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, international standardized ratio, and prothrombin activity between different clinical types ( H = 91.43, 58.65, 9.25, 32.69, 9.56, 8.19, 9.40, all P < 0.05). Among the 202 patients with drug-induced liver injury, severe liver injury occurred in the largest proportion of cases (40.6%). There was no significant difference in the disease severity between different clinical types ( P = 0.789). The top three types of drugs causing liver injury were traditional Chinese medicine [52.0% (105/202)], antineoplastic drugs [6.4% (13/202)], and antipsychotics [5.9% (12/202)]. The detection rate of autoantibodies in 202 patients with drug-induced liver injury was 29.7% (60/202). Conclusion:Drug-induced liver injury lacks specificity in clinical manifestations. A wide variety of drugs can cause liver injury. Clinicians should strengthen liver function monitoring in key populations. The proportion of patients with mixed-type liver failure is high, which should be taken seriously. When patients with drug-induced liver injury are positive for liver disease-related antibodies, clinicians should be vigilant about the possibility of drug-induced liver injury.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between the peak load of Epstein-Barr virus (EPV) and live function damage in children with infectious mononucleosis caused by EPV.Methods:Eighty children with infectious mononucleosis caused by EPV who received treatment in Pingxiang People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were included in this study. Five mL of venous blood was taken from each child for detecting the peak load of EBV-DNA and liver function indicators. These children were divided into a low-load group ( n = 25, EBV-DNA load < 10 4 copies/mL), a medium-load group ( n = 34, EBV-DNA load of 10 4-10 5 copies/mL), and a high-load group ( n = 21, EBV-DNA load > 10 5 copies/mL) according to the peak EBV-DNA load. The relationships between different peak loads of EBV-DNA and live function, age, and sex were analyzed. Results:The rate of liver dysfunction in the high-load group [85.71% (18/21)] was significantly higher than [38.24% (13/34)] in the medium-load group and [20.00% (5/25)] in the low-load group ( χ2 = 11.90, 19.71, P = 0.001, P < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the high-load group were (156.24 ± 13.21) U/L and (171.69 ± 13.49) U/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than (125.89 ± 10.54) U/L and (143.26 ± 10.29) U/L in the medium-load group and (89.64 ± 6.75) U/L and (64.89 ± 5.74) U/L] in the low-load group (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the peak load of EBV-DNA between children of different ages and between children of different sexes (both P > 0.05). Conclusion:Children with infectious mononucleosis caused by EPV have a high EBV-DNA peak load. A higher peak load of EVB-DNA indicates a higher risk of liver function damage. More attention should be paid in clinical practice. Effective diagnosis and treatment should be performed in time to control the patient's condition as early as possible.
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Objective:To analyze the diagnostic and prognostic values of the red blood cell distribution width-to-platelet count ratio (RPR) for hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis who were diagnosed and treated in Yiwu Central Hospital from June 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were included in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group. They were subdivided into survival ( n = 69) and death ( n = 11) groups according to their prognosis outcomes. Eighty patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the chronic hepatitis B group. Eighty healthy controls who concurrently underwent physical examination were included in the control group. The diagnostic and prognostic values of RPR, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4) for hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis were analyzed. Results:Red blood cell distribution width, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group and chronic hepatitis B group were significantly higher compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). Platelet count in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group and chronic hepatitis B group was significantly lower than that in the control group (both P < 0.05). Red blood cell distribution width in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group was significantly higher than that in the chronic hepatitis B group [(18.25 ± 3.28)% vs. (14.67 ± 2.15)%, t = 8.16, P < 0.05]. Platelet count, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group were (78.47 ± 11.43) × 10 9/L, (49.48 ± 6.85) U/L, (45.86 ± 6.28) U/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (133.36 ± 18.42) × 10 9/L, (128.36 ± 15.40) U/L, (98.67 ± 14.41) U/L in the chronic hepatitis B group ( t = -22.65, -41.86, -30.05, all P < 0.05). PRP, APRI, and FIB-4 in the hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis group were (0.23 ± 0.05), (1.85 ± 0.44), (4.25 ± 0.81) respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.11 ± 0.02), (1.46 ± 0.33), (3.38 ± 0.63) in the chronic hepatitis B group ( t = 19.93, 6.34, 7.58, all P < 0.001). The RPR, APRI, and FIB-4 in the death group were (0.25 ± 0.08), (1.97 ± 0.48), (4.52 ± 1.31), respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.18 ± 0.05), (1.68 ± 0.40), (3.69 ± 1.21) in the survival group ( t = 3.94, 2.17, 2.09, all P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that PRP has an extremely high value in diagnosing hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis and predicting the death of patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis. Conclusion:RPR has an extremely high value in diagnosing hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis and predicting the prognosis of this disease.
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Antiviral therapy is the basic treatment method for improving prognosis recommended in the management guidelines of chronic hepatitis B in China and globally. For patients with chronic HBV infection and normal transaminases, it is difficult in clinical practice to accurately evaluate the progression of hepatitis and identify suitable patients who need antiviral therapy. In order to objectively and accurately evaluate the degree of liver inflammatory activity in such patients, more and more noninvasive evaluation indicators have been used in addition to conventional liver biopsy. This article reviews the new serological indicators that can reflect the degree of liver inflammation and/or fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection and normal aminotransferase levels, hoping to provide a reference for antiviral decision-making in these patients.
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Expanding antiviral therapy is currently the new trend for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B, and related research evidence should be studied and discussed. Reducing the threshold of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for initiating antiviral therapy is one of the most important changes during the expansion of antiviral therapy. Chronic hepatitis B patients with a low-level increase in ALT or a high normal level of ALT still have a higher risk of liver cancer and thus require further intervention. At present, nucleos(t)ide analogues show a certain clinical effect in some patients in terms of virological inhibition and improvement in fibrosis, while reducing ALT threshold places higher requirements for biochemical response after treatment. In addition, although the mechanism and definition of low-level viremia (LLV) after treatment remain unclear, further intervention of LLV is an important strategy for optimizing patient management in clinical practice. Switch to another potent nucleos(t)ide analogue may improve the virologic response rate of patients with LLV, and nucleos(t)ide analogues combined with interferon or other new targeted drugs will be an important research direction for the treatment of LLV in the future.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Infective endocarditis is a disease that progresses with morbidity and mortality, afecting 3-10 out of 100,000 people per year. We conducted this study to review the early outcomes of surgical treatment of infective endocarditis. Methods: In this retrospective study, 122 patients who underwent cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis in our clinic between November 2009 and December 2020 were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to in-hospital mortality. Demographic, echocardiographic, laboratory, operative, and postoperative data of the groups were compared. Results: Between November 3, 2009, and December 7, 2020, 122 patients were operated for infective endocarditis in our hospital. Emergency surgery was performed in nine (7.3%) patients. In-hospital mortality occurred in 23 (18.9%) patients, and 99 (81.1%) patients were discharged. In-hospital mortality was related with older age, presence of periannular abscess, New York Heart Association class 3 or 4 symptoms, low albumin level, high alanine aminotransferase level, and longer cross-clamping time (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion: The presence of paravalvular abscess was the most important prognostic factor in patients operated for infective endocarditis.
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Aims: The aqueous extract of cashew apple cakes, rich in molecules of pharmacological interest, could be used against many diseases. Thus, the aim of the present work is to evaluate its hepatoprotective activity in rats and mice. Methodology: Two batches of rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams, with five rats per batch, were pretreated for eleven days with the aqueous extract of cashew apple cakes at concentrations ranging from 150 to 300 mg.Kg-1 bw, then intoxicated with paracetamol at 2 g.Kg-1 bw, for three days. The blood of these rats was collected and submitted to biochemical analyses. Two batches of mice weighing between 20 and 30 grams, with five mice per batch, were pretreated with the same test substance at concentrations also ranging from 150 to 300 mg.Kg-1 bw, then intoxicated with paracetamol before receiving phenobarbital. Afterwards, their sleep time was evaluated. Results: In rats, paracetamol intoxication materialized by the increase in serum ALT activity ranging from 109±5.19 to 571±20.28 IU.L-1 and that of AST ranging from 144±5.77 to 428±14.19 IU.L-1. Similarly, direct bilirubin increased from 0 to 1.08± 0.58 mg.dl-1. These increases in transaminase activity and bilirubin levels were significantly decreased in rats pretreated with the aqueous extract of cashew apple cake. In mice, the phenobarbital test showed a 29.82 to 38.59% decrease in sleep time in mice pretreated with the aqueous extract of cashew apple cakes. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of cashew apple cakes influencing biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, bilirubin and sleep time, could therefore be used in the prevention of liver diseases, in traditional medicine.
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Objective:To explore the effects of Rougan Huaxian Granules combined with nucleoside antiviral drugs on liver and kidney function, portal hemodynamics, vascular activity, antiviral indexes and aspartate transaminase-platelet ratio index in patients with hepatitis B decompensated cirrhosis.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 150 patients with hepatitis B decompensated cirrhosis who were hospitalized in Tangshan Infectious Disease Institute and Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from June 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by computer random random number method, with 75 cases in each group. The control group was given routine liver protection and antiviral treatment; the observation group was given Rougan Huaxian granules on the basis of the control group treatment. Observe the changes of liver and kidney function, portal vein system hemodynamics, vascular activity, antiviral index and aspartate transaminase-platelet ratio index in the two groups. Independent sample T test was used to compare the measurement data between the two groups, paired T test was used for comparison between the same groups before and after treatment, and χ2 test was used for counting data. Results:There were no significant differences in gender, age, course of cirrhosis, Child grade of liver function and baseline data of indexes before treatment between 2 groups (ALL P>0.05). After treatment, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen, creatinine,diameter of portal vein (Dpv), diameter of splenic vein (Dsv), endothelin-1, nitric oxide, glucagon (GLA), APRI,were all lower than before treatment. Comparison between groups, observation group ALT (51.60±15.97) U/L, AST (62.65±26.28) U/L, urea nitrogen (10.25±1.65) mmol/L, creatinine (78.54±14.09) μmol/L, Dpv (10.20±1.10) mm, Dsv (8.08±0.68) mm, endothelin-1 (31.93±6.35) ng/L, nitric oxide (41.38±8.06) μg/L, GLA (69.54±12.14) mg/L, APRI (3.14±1.35), were significantly lower than those of control group ((97.49±30.87) U/L, (96.03±25.63) U/L, (17.49±2.55) mmol/L, (116.43±22.77) μmol/L, (13.42±1.26) mm, (10.44±0.83) mm, (44.34+11.88) ng/L, (63.47±15.50) μg/L, (107.11+25.29) mg/L, (5.91±1.93)), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were respectively 11.43, 7.87, 20.64, 12.26, 16.62, 18.99, 7.98, 10.96, 11.60, 10.23, all P<0.05). After treatment, albumin, portal vein velocity (Vpv), and velocity of splenic vein blood flow (Vsv) were all higher in the two groups than before treatment. However, there was no significant difference in Vsv of the control group before and after treatment ( t=0.51, P=0.613). Comparison between groups, albumin (39.42±7.35) g/L, Vpv ((25.72±4.06) cm/s), Vsv ((24.22±6.15) cm/s) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (34.66±7.95) g/L, (19.38±3.46) cm/s, (19.54±5.88) cm/s ( t values were 3.81, 10.28, 4.76, all P<0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate (96.00%(72/75) vs. 86.67%(65/75), χ2=4.13, P=0.042), HBV DNA negative conversion rate (76.00%(57/75) vs. 58.67%(44/75), χ2=5.12, P=0.024), HBeAg negative conversion rate (50.67%(38/75) vs. 30.67%(23/75), χ2=6.22, P=0.013) and serum HBeAg/HBeAb conversion (28.00%(21/75) vs. 13.33%(10/75), χ2=4.92, P=0.027) in observation group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). HBsAg negative rate (8.00%(6/75) vs. 5.33%(4/75), χ2=0.43, P=0.513) was higher than that of control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Rougan Huaxian Granules combined with nucleoside antiviral drugs has significant effect on patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis of hepatitis B, improve liver and kidney function, liver fibrosis and hemodynamics of the portal vein system, increase vascular activity function, and reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load, HBV replication, aspartate transaminase-platelet ratio index, APRI, Toll-like receptor (TLR-4) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels and improves the body′s immune status.
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Introducción: La enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica se caracteriza por un aumento de la acumulación de lípidos (triglicéridos) de forma macrovesicular, en más de 5 % de los hepatocitos, asociado o no a inflamación y/o fibrosis hepática. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica según variables de interés para el estudio. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 95 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio hasta diciembre de 2018. Entre las variables figuraron: edad, sexo, factores de riesgo, resultados de exámenes complementarios, ecografía hepática y factores de pronósticos clínicos para la fibrosis. Resultados: En la serie predominaron los grupos etarios de 35-44 y de 45-54 años (65,2 %, respectivamente), el sexo femenino, la obesidad como principal factor de riesgo (50,5 %), la transaminasa glutámico pirúvica-alanina aminotransferasa (39,0 %) entre los exámenes complementario con valores alterados y la esteatosis hepática moderada como hallazgo ecográfico (55,8 %), entre otros. Conclusiones: La enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica prevaleció en los pacientes entre 35-54 años, donde la obesidad constituyó el factor de riesgo más importante; asimismo, un mayor número de pacientes presentó cifras elevadas de transaminasa glutámico pirúvica-alanina aminotransferasa y los hallazgos ecográficos revelaron la primacía de la esteatosis moderada. La presencia de 4 o más factores pronósticos constituyó un riesgo para el desarrollo de fibrosis hepática.
Introduction: The non alcoholic fatty hepatic disease is characterized by an increase of the lipids accumulation (triglycerides) in a macrovesicular way, in more than 5 % of the hepatic cells, associated or not with inflammation and/or hepatic fibrosis. Objective: To characterize patients with non alcoholic fatty hepatic disease according to variables of interest for the study. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 95 patients assisted in the Gastroenterology Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from June to December, 2018. Among the variables figured: age, sex, risk factors, results of complementary exams, hepatic echography and clinical prognosis factors for the fibrosis. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 35-44 and 45-54 age groups (65.2 %, respectively), female sex, obesity as main risk factor (50.5 %), transaminase glutamic piruvic-alanineaminotransferase (39.0 %) among the complementary exams with altered values and the moderate fatty liver as echographic finding (55.8 %), among others. Conclusions: The non alcoholic fatty hepatic disease prevailed in patients between 35-54 years, where obesity constituted the most important risk factor; also, a greater number of patients presented high figures of transaminase glutamic piruvic-alanineaminotransferase and the echographic findings revealed the primacy of the moderate steatosis. The presence of 4 or more prognosis factors constituted a risk for the development of hepatic fibrosis.
Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging , Secondary Care , Alanine TransaminaseABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the necessity of lowering the cut-off value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in identifying chronic HBV infection patients with significant liver histological changes.Methods:The clinical data of 123 chronic HBV infection patients with normal ALT according to domestic criteria who underwent liver biopsy in the Department of Hepatology of Taizhou People’s Hospital from June 2016 to March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the cut-off ALT values recommended by 2018 version of AASLD guidelines (male 35 U/L, female 25 U/L), the patients were divided into two groups: high normal value group (HNALT, ALT≥AASLD and<domestic standard) and normal low value group (LNALT, ALT<AASLD value). The cases with significant liver histological changes (G/S≥2) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of G/S≥2.Results:There were 68(68/123, 55.3%) cases with significant liver histological changes (G/S≥2) in this series. Among 83 patients in the LNALT group, there were 35 case of G≥2 (42.2%), 26 cases of S≥2 (31.3%) and 39 cases of G/S≥2 (47.0%); while among 40 patients in the HNALT group, there were 27 cases of G≥2 (67.5%), 21 cases of S≥2 (52.5%), and 29 cases of G/S≥2 (72.5%), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=6.928, 5.126 and 7.107, all P values <0.05). Univariate analysis showed that ALT at high normal values ( χ2=7.107), albumin levels ( t=2.248), glutamyltransferase ( Z=-2.885) and international normalized ratio (INR) ( t=-3.152) were significantly associated with liver histological changes in patients ( P<0.05 ro <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ALT at high normal value ( OR=3.492, 95% CI 1.369-8.907) and INR ( OR=1.529, 95% CI 1.054-2.218) were independent risk factors of significant liver histological changes. Conclusion:Lowering the cut-off value of ALT may contribute to identify patients who potentially need antiviral treatment. It is recommended that patients with high normal value of ALT according to domestic criteria should undergo liver biopsy or non-invasive liver fibrosis examination to evaluate the histological changes of the liver and treat them if necessary.
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Objective To investigate the noninvasive indicators of indications for antiviral therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤40 U/L under the guidance of liver pathology. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 377 HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection patients with ALT ≤40 U/L who were hospitalized in Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, from October 2013 to August 2018 and underwent liver biopsy, among whom the patients with inflammatory activity ＜A2 and fibrosis stage ＜F2 were enrolled as non-antiviral therapy group(n=266), and the patients with inflammatory activity ≥A2 or fibrosis stage ≥F2 were enrolled as antiviral therapy group(n=111). The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; the t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to screen out the influencing factors for the initiation of antiviral therapy; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of each indicator in determining the need for antiviral therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection patients with ALT ≤40 U/L. ResultsOf all 377 patients, 266 (70.6%) did not need antiviral therapy for the time being, and 111 (29.4%) had marked liver damage and thus needed active antiviral therapy. The multivariate analysis showed that liver stiffness measurement (LSM) (odds ratio ［HR］=2.003, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 1.647-2.437, P＜005), HBsAg (HR=1.563, 95% CI: 1.110-2.200, P＜0.05), HBV DNA (HR=1.519, 95% CI: 1173-1.966, P＜0.05), and albumin (HR=0.939, 95% CI: 0.884-0.998, P＜0.05) were independent influencing factors for the initiation of antiviral therapy. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.749 (95% CI: 0.699-0799) for LSM, 0642 (95% CI: 0.586-0.699) for HBV DNA, and 0.565 (95% CI: 0.507-0.623) for HBsAg, and the combination of LSM, HBV DNA, and HBsAg had a larger AUC of 0.779 (95% CI: 0.732-0.827). ConclusionThe levels of LSM, HBV DNA, and HBsAg have a reference value in determining the initiation of antiviral therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection patients with ALT≤40 U/L.
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The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR3I1) belongs to nuclear receptor superfamily. It was reported that CAR agonist TCPOBOP induces hepatomegaly but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a potent regulator of organ size. The aim of this study is to explore the role of YAP in CAR activation-induced hepatomegaly and liver regeneration. TCPOBOP-induced CAR activation on hepatomegaly and liver regeneration was evaluated in wild-type (WT) mice, liver-specific YAP-deficient mice, and partial hepatectomy (PHx) mice. The results demonstrate that TCPOBOP can increase the liver-to-body weight ratio in wild-type mice and PHx mice. Hepatocytes enlargement around central vein (CV) area was observed, meanwhile hepatocytes proliferation was promoted as evidenced by the increased number of KI67
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Major challenges for cancer treatment are how to effectively eliminate primary tumor and sufficiently induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to provoke a robust immune response for metastasis control. Here, a self-assembled cascade bioreactor was developed to improve cancer treatment with enhanced tumor penetration and synergistic therapy of starvation, chemodynamic (CDT) and photothermal therapy. Ultrasmall FeS-GOx nanodots were synthesized with glucose oxidase (GOx) as template and induced by paclitaxel (PTX) to form self-assembling FeS-GOx@PTX (FGP)
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Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic molecules important for metabolism of cholesterol, absorption of lipids and lipid soluble vitamins, bile flow, and regulation of gut microbiome. There are over 30 different BA species known to exist in humans and mice, which are endogenous modulators of at least 6 different membrane or nuclear receptors. This diversity of ligands and receptors play important roles in health and disease; however, the full functions of each individual BA
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Dioxin-like molecules have been associated with endocrine disruption and liver disease. To better understand aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) biology, metabolic phenotyping and liver proteomics were performed in mice following ligand-activation or whole-body genetic ablation of this receptor. Male wild type (WT) and
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Transaminases are an industrially important class of enzyme, due to their ability to catalyse amination reactions for production of chiral amines, and are key building blocks of small molecule pharmaceuticals. We analysed the genome of strain GS115 of the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii, formerly known as Pichia pastoris, to identify the transaminase genes and propose a systematic nomenclature based on both phylogeny and structuro-functional features. K. phaffii is an increasingly attractive industrial host cell due to its ability to grow to high biomass, up to 60% wet cell weight by volume, using methanol as carbon source and inducer of transgene expression. Thirty-nine UniProt database hits were reduced to 19 on the basis of sequence similarity and hidden Markov model. Of the 19 genes, the open-reading frames of three (KpTam I-II.1b, KpTam I-II.7 and KpTam V.2) had strong homology with no characterized protein and four (KpTam III.1a, KpTam III.1b, KpTam III.2a and KpTam III.2b) had relatively high sequence similarity to x-type transaminases, a subtype that typically accepts the broadest range of substrates. Comparison with Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C suggested functions for KpTam I-II.1b and KpTam I-II.7. K. phaffii GS115 was originally generated by mutagenesis of K. phaffii CBS7435 and comparison revealed that one transaminase gene may have been deleted during this mutagenesis. These insights can advance fundamental understanding of yeast biology and can inform industrial screening and engineering of yeast transaminases